The philosophy of the MIB concept has somewhat become a model for political, economic, and social development for the country, as all projects and developments are planned and implemented according to Islamic teachings. In some respects, the ideology and visible symbolism of the state seem to reflect a balancing act between Western and Islamic pressure (Cleary and Wong 1994).
The state aims to preserve the customs and traditions of the Malay culture, emphasize teachings of the Islamic faith, and administer the monarchical system. Strict Islamic teachings have been incorporated into educational and social policies around the country. This does not mean that the MIB philosophy stifles the practice of other religions; it aims to act as a vehicle to develop the country with guidance from Islamic teachings, and to enhance racial harmony and mutual respect among the peoples.
Brunei’s legal system, similar to the legal systems of Singapore and Malaysia, is based primarily on English Common Law. The English judiciary system with an independent judiciary was retained after Brunei gained independence in 1984. The Ministry of Law is responsible for the legal system in Brunei, while the attorney general is the chief advisor on constitutional and legal matters (Borneo Bulletin 2000). The Supreme Court, the Intermediate Court, and the Subordinate Court hold the judiciary power in the country. The Supreme Court consists of the High Court and the Court of Appeal, and the Subordinate Courts comprise the Magistrate Courts. Syariah (Islamic) Courts exist side by side with the Supreme Court and deal with Islamic laws. In 1991, Intermediate Courts were established with civil and criminal jurisdiction, but these courts have no jurisdiction over capital cases.
