The philosophy of the MIB concept has somewhat become a model for political, economic, and social development for the country, as all projects and developments are planned and implemented according to Islamic teachings. In some respects, the ideology and visible symbolism of the state seem to reflect a balancing act between Western and Islamic Full Article

Beginning as a Hindu-Buddhist city-state in 414 C.E., Brunei later embraced Islam. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, its influence extended throughout Borneo and the Philippines. From the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Brunei steadily lost all its territories due to Spanish, British, Portuguese, and Dutch interventions. Then in Full Article